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Late adulthood, or old age, begins around 65 years and is characterized by gradual physical decline, retirement, and reflection on life achievements. It is also a period of continued learning, adaptation, and the search for meaning and life satisfaction.
3. Psychosocial development in late adulthood
Late adulthood is associated with Erik Erikson’s final stage of psychosocial development: ego integrity vs. despair. During this stage, individuals reflect on their lives, evaluating whether they have lived meaningfully and stayed true to their values. If they feel a sense of satisfaction and accept their life’s journey, both the successes and the failures, they achieve ego integrity, which brings feelings of fulfillment, peace, and wisdom. However, if they are overwhelmed by regrets, missed opportunities, or a sense that life lacked purpose, they may experience despair, marked by bitterness, sadness, or fear of death. Maintaining strong social connections, leaving behind a positive legacy, and reaching a level of self-acceptance are essential for emotional well-being in this stage.
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