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Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, American psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) developed his own theory of moral development in children. Kohlberg believed that people progressed in their moral reasoning (i.e., in their bases for ethical behavior) through a series of stages. According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, there are 6 stages of moral development, known as Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. Kohlberg classified their moral reasoning into three levels, each of which contains two distinct substages.
4. Educational implications of moral development theories
• Teachers can present age-appropriate moral dilemmas and guide students to discuss different viewpoints. This encourages critical thinking and helps students progress in moral reasoning.
• Group activities that require sharing, fairness, and collaboration foster empathy and respect, reinforcing moral values through peer interaction.
• Teachers should demonstrate fairness, honesty, and respect in their actions, as students learn moral behavior by observing adults.
• By understanding students’ stages of moral development (as described by Kohlberg), teachers can set realistic behavioral goals and use appropriate discipline strategies.
• Subjects like literature, history, and social studies can be used to explore themes of justice, responsibility, and human rights, making moral development part of everyday learning.
• A classroom culture that values diversity, respect, and open dialogue promotes moral and ethical growth among students.
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