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Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth, explores the deep emotional bonds that form between children and their primary caregivers. It emphasizes that early interactions with caregivers shape a child’s sense of security and influence their social, emotional, and cognitive development. According to the theory, a secure attachment characterized by consistent, responsive, and nurturing care - lays the foundation for healthy relationships and emotional regulation throughout life. In contrast, insecure attachments may lead to difficulties in trust, behavior, and emotional well-being. Attachment theory has become a cornerstone in understanding child development, parenting, and educational practices.
3. Bowlby and the monotropic theory about attachment
3.3. Third stage: Clear-Cut attachment (6-8 months to 18-24 months)
As the name suggests, there is a specific attachment between the infant and the caregiver. The bond can be quite strong, and infants regularly seek contact with their caregivers. They will show strong protest when separated from the caregiver, usually crying, screaming, clinging or random burst of sudden physical movements. That’s the stage where the infant understands on who he is depending on when in need. He shows a strong preference for that person over a stranger which includes the development of “stranger anxiety” and “separation anxiety”. The infant has a fear response to any strangers and sometimes expresses some strong protests. He will be in distress and will very likely refuse to be held by anyone else than the caregiver.
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