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Attachment theory, developed by John Bowlby and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth, explores the deep emotional bonds that form between children and their primary caregivers. It emphasizes that early interactions with caregivers shape a child’s sense of security and influence their social, emotional, and cognitive development. According to the theory, a secure attachment characterized by consistent, responsive, and nurturing care - lays the foundation for healthy relationships and emotional regulation throughout life. In contrast, insecure attachments may lead to difficulties in trust, behavior, and emotional well-being. Attachment theory has become a cornerstone in understanding child development, parenting, and educational practices.
3. Bowlby and the monotropic theory about attachment
3.2. Second stage: Attachment in making (6 weeks to 6-8 months)
During this stage, the infant begins to develop a sense of trust in the people who respond to their needs. They begin to show preferences for caregivers over strangers, but they will still accept care from strangers. The primary caregiver starts to have a powerful effect on the infant’s behaviour and can comfort the infant more easily than a stranger as the baby is developing social referencing skills. If the mother or primary caregiver takes good care of the baby’s biological needs, it will establish a sense of trust. However, even if the bond is stronger, at that stage the infant won’t protest when separated from a parent, they will not yet exhibit separation anxiety.
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