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Cognitive development theories explore how people think, learn, and understand the world as they grow. Thinkers like Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner emphasized that learning develops through active exploration, social interaction, and experience, showing that children actively build their own understanding.
2. Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory
2.1. Schema
Schema is a building block of knowledge. For Piaget a schema (or the plural schemata) is referred to the cognitive structures by which an individual organizes his or her experience and environment (Rabindran & Madanagopal, 2020). For example, an infant upon encountering a dog for the first time will experience visually, auditory and olfactory input. These data, according to Piaget, will be linked in neural pathway, a schema that will eventually be used as a mental template to represent dog each time these stimuli are encountered.
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