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Cognitive development theories explore how people think, learn, and understand the world as they grow. Thinkers like Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner emphasized that learning develops through active exploration, social interaction, and experience, showing that children actively build their own understanding.
2. Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory
Piaget theory of cognitive development describes how humans gather and organise information and how these process changes developmentally. He believed that children are born with a very basic mental structure on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based. For Piaget, the focus was on how mental structures and processes evolved to help individuals make meaning out of their experience and adapt to their changing environments. To understand this process of adaptation, he employed the concepts of schema, assimilation, accommodation and equilibration.
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