Section 3.5 Middle adulthood (40-60 years)

1. Physical development in middle adulthood

Figure: Middle Adulthood

During middle adulthood, physical decline is gradual, The skin loses some elasticity, and wrinkles are among the first signs of aging. Visual acuity decreases during this time. Women experience a gradual decline in fertility as they approach the onset of menopause, the end of the menstrual cycle, around 50 years old. Both men and women tend to gain weight: in the abdominal area for men and in the hips and thighs for women. Hair begins to thin and turn gray, the body reduces strength, slower metabolism, and visible aging such as wrinkles and graying hair.

Women experience menopause, while men undergo a more gradual hormonal shift. Height typically decreases, especially after age 55, and weight tends to increase. Bone density and organ efficiency decline, along with vision, hearing, and respiratory function. Despite these changes, many middle-aged adults sustain good health through active lifestyles and preventive care.