Section 2.5 Attachment theories

3.4. Fourth stage: Formation of reciprocal relationships (24 months +)

As the child’s cognitive development progresses, he develops mental representations of others. That leads to being able to have multiple attachments, including secondary caregivers such as the father, relatives, or babysitters. The infants start to develop a more complete understanding of circumstances that influence the caregiver’s behaviour. It leads them to tolerate separation with less distress and to use mental representations of their caregivers for comfort. The world is way more predictable and less stressful for them. As the verbal skills develop, other communication skills develop and lead to toddlers expressing themselves in other ways than crying. It also helps the infants to understand their parents’ actions and motivations and can negotiate with them.