PGCLTHE Assignments (2025)

Welcome to this module.

 Summary of the Course

This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of managerial economics, focusing on how economic principles can be applied by managers to make effective decisions. It highlights core topics such as the role of profits, opportunity costs, incentives, market dynamics, marginal analysis, and the time value of money. The overarching goal is to maximize firm value by making optimal economic decisions under conditions of scarcity and uncertainty.

2. Description

Managerial Economics bridges economic theory and business practice by applying microeconomic analysis to managerial decision-making. This chapter covers key concepts such as:

• Goal Setting and Constraints: Managers must define organizational objectives and work within resource limitations.
• Economic vs. Accounting Profits: Differentiates between accounting profits and economic profits which include opportunity costs.
• The Role of Profits: Profits signal where resources are most valued in the economy.
• Five Forces Framework: Analyzes the competitive forces that shape industries and impact profitability.
• Incentives: How incentives affect behavior and outcomes within organizations.
• Market Structures and Government's Role: Explores different types of rivalry and market dynamics.
• Time Value of Money: Tools for valuing future cash flows (e.g., present value, net present value, perpetuities).
• Marginal Analysis: Core to decision-making, managers use it to determine optimal resource allocation.

The chapter emphasizes making well-informed, marginal-based decisions that align with long-term profit maximization and firm valuation.

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Read the following PPT pt for more information

 Summary of the Course

This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of managerial economics, focusing on how economic principles can be applied by managers to make effective decisions. It highlights core topics such as the role of profits, opportunity costs, incentives, market dynamics, marginal analysis, and the time value of money. The overarching goal is to maximize firm value by making optimal economic decisions under conditions of scarcity and uncertainty.

2. Description

Managerial Economics bridges economic theory and business practice by applying microeconomic analysis to managerial decision-making. This chapter covers key concepts such as:

• Goal Setting and Constraints: Managers must define organizational objectives and work within resource limitations.
• Economic vs. Accounting Profits: Differentiates between accounting profits and economic profits which include opportunity costs.
• The Role of Profits: Profits signal where resources are most valued in the economy.
• Five Forces Framework: Analyzes the competitive forces that shape industries and impact profitability.
• Incentives: How incentives affect behavior and outcomes within organizations.
• Market Structures and Government's Role: Explores different types of rivalry and market dynamics.
• Time Value of Money: Tools for valuing future cash flows (e.g., present value, net present value, perpetuities).
• Marginal Analysis: Core to decision-making, managers use it to determine optimal resource allocation.

The chapter emphasizes making well-informed, marginal-based decisions that align with long-term profit maximization and firm valuation.

Dear Student,

Welcome to the module of Radiation Oncology

This module introduces you to the fundamental principles and clinical applications of radiation oncology in cancer management. It covers the use of therapy radiography protocols, patient care during radiotherapy, treatment delivery, and current advancements in oncology. The module also emphasizes the importance of aligning radiotherapy practices with both local and international health delivery standards.

Aim of the module

This module is designed to equip you with comprehensive knowledge in the field of radiation oncology. It focuses on therapy radiography protocols, patient management, appropriate radiotherapy delivery, and the ability to recommend, assess, and support patients throughout the cancer treatment process.

Brief description of module

This module will prepare you to deliver effective and safe radiotherapy treatments, understand the staging of malignant tumors, manage cancer emergencies, differentiate treatment approaches, and evaluate side effects of radiotherapy. It will also provide insights into chemotherapy use and recent advancements in oncology care.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Demonstrate knowledge of malignant tumor staging methods.
2. Identify conditions requiring emergency radiotherapy.
3. Differentiate between radical and palliative cancer management.
4. Understand the special care needs of cancer patients.
5. Identify indications for chemotherapy in cancer care.
6. Describe radiotherapy side effects and strategies for minimizing them.
7. Critically evaluate current cancer treatment policies.
8. Apply knowledge of recent developments in oncology patient care.

Learning resources

You will be provided with various learning materials such as PowerPoint files, PDFs, textbooks, and recommended website links. Additional support and guidance will be offered to enhance your self-directed learning (SDL).

Learning Activities and Assessments

Throughout the module, you will complete individual assignments and quizzes to assess your understanding of the covered topics.

Module Facilitator

Mr. Niyonkuru Fils TURATSINZE, RMIO

Cell Phone: +250 787 427 899

E-mail: turafils@gmail.com

• Project Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (PPME) 
   

This module introduces learners to the foundational concepts, principles, and practices of project planning, monitoring, and evaluation. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding how projects are designed, implemented, tracked, and assessed for effectiveness and impact. The course emphasizes a results-based approach to project management, ensuring that all stages—from initial problem identification and stakeholder analysis, through to objective setting, budgeting, implementation, and evaluation—are strategically aligned to achieve desired outcomes.

Through interactive online learning, case studies, and practical exercises, students will gain the skills to:

• Develop logical frameworks and project plans;
• Design effective monitoring systems and indicators;
• Conduct evaluations using appropriate methodologies;
• Analyze project performance and inform decision-making processes.

By the end of the course, participants will be able to apply PPME tools and techniques in real-world scenarios, contributing to improved project outcomes in public, private, and non-governmental settings.

Dear learner, 

Welcome to the module of Oral Surgery and Anaesthesia, a foundation module for your future career.

This module is an introduction to the basic concepts and techniques of tooth removal as well as minor oral surgical procedures. Detailed patient history taking and how to conduct physical examination are taught. Importance will be given to the pre-surgical patient evaluation, risk management, pain control, understanding and application of basic surgical principles.

• The module is almost practical , that means there will be more hands-on activities.
• Assessment will be performed throughout the course in the form of quizzes, assignments and forum discussions.
• Chat room is always open for any concerns, you can leave a message anytime
• The facilitator is available for any concerns in less than 24 hours.

Facilitator

ABIMANA Vestine 

Availlable always : abimanavestine@gmail.com      or

 Availlable in working hours  at Telephone number:+2500785773146

Dear Student,

WELCOME TO FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY 

This is a core module that introduces you to concepts of technology and tools used in diagnostic radiology. This module gives you basics of radiation production, radiographic image formation and processing. It also introduces you to radiation protection principles as well as radiobiology.

Aim of the module:    

This module is intends to provide you with the knowledge of chemistry of image production, image intensifying screens and cassettes, x-ray generators, diagnostic x-ray tubes, film processing, radiobiology and radiation protection.

Brief description of module:    

This module will enable you to process radiographic films, utilize radiographic accessories related to chemistry of film processing and appreciate the limits and hazards associated with the use of x-ray equipment with regard to safety of patients, staff and equipment.

Learning outcomes

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Discuss the tube design and x-ray production.

2. Understand the types of generators and generator circuits

3. Explain the control of x-ray current

Learning resources

Different resources materials will be availed to you, such as: Books, files (ppt and or pdf) and link to websites, where necessary other forms of guidance will be provided to enable you research more in your SDL.

Module Facilitator

Mr. Eric KIREZI, MSc (HI), BSc (MI), RMIO

This module introduces masters’ students to various research methods in STEM education. It explains the types of research methods and techniques used in education and research paradigms. It engages students step-by-step writing of the research proposal and in critical reading and evaluation of various research articles.     

Welcome all!

My name is MUHIRE Jean, from the department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health. On behalf of module leader JMV i would like to introduce this module of Geographical Information System.

This course serves to introduce Environmental Health Sciences students to the basic knowledge and skills in Geographical Information system. The course combines theoretical knowledge with practical applications, allowing students to demonstrate their competencies through both individual work and group interactions and quizzes.

Most welcome!

Instructor: MUHIRE Jean

Contact: muhixxj@nursph.org

Phone:+250 782 735 723

Contact Hours: Official Working hours

Aims of the module

The aim of the module is to equip the learners with the basic knowledge and skills in Geographical Information system. This module equips learners with skills to use ArcGIS which geospatial software to view, edit, manage and analyse geographic health information data.

The course contains the Following chapters:

Chapter 1: Introduction to ArcGIS 

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the module the successful learner will be able to demonstrate competency in the following domains related to geospatial data:

1. Explaining what is Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
   
2. Understanding different versions of ArcGIS 
   
3. Getting to know the ArcMap Interface
   
4. Understanding Layers, features and various attributes. 
   
5. Map different Healthcare issues and advice decision making

Dear student,

This module covers the pathologic basis of oral diseases, especially the structural and functional manifestations of diseases of the oral and para-oral structures. It equips the student with knowledge and skills to identify and diagnose primary oral diseases. This module also describes oral medicine, principles of diagnosis of oral manifestations of systemic diseases, and management of diseases of the oral mucosa and salivary gland.

The Continuous assessment will consist of Online Quizzes, Assignments, and Discussions. The Final Examination will consist of multiple-choice questions.

This Basic First Aid course provides essential knowledge and hands-on skills needed to effectively respond to common emergencies. Participants will learn how to assess a situation, provide immediate care, and stabilize a victim until professional medical help arrives. The course covers a wide range of topics including CPR, wound care, choking, burns, fractures, and shock management. Designed for all individuals, no prior medical experience is required.

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

• Recognize and respond to emergency situations

• Perform CPR and use an AED

• Treat cuts, burns, sprains, and fractures

• Manage choking and breathing difficulties

• Understand the basics of infection control and patient monitoring

The course will entail the following:

• Gross anatomy of the female reproductive system;
• Physiology of reproduction including female menstrual cycle, gametogenesis, fertilisation, blastocyst formation, bilaminar germ disc, Trilaminar germ disc and hormones involved;
• Imaging techniques female reproductive system; Trans abdominal and endovaginal ultrasound techniques and biometric anatomy of the non-gravid pelvis;
• Normal pelvic sonographic anatomy; Abnormal pelvic ultrasound; Pelvic scanning technique;
• Normal pelvic sonographic anatomy and measurement, Normal sonographic appearance of a uterus, ovaries, and surrounding organs; Abnormal appearance of pelvic sonographic pathologies, report writing.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:

·        Apply the principles of Thyroid sonography

·        Perform basic Thyroid sonographic techniques

·        Identify the sonographic anatomic image patterns of the Thyroid.

• This module covers the pathologic basis of oral disease, especially the structural and functional manifestations of diseases of the oral and para-oral structures. It equips the student with knowledge and skills to identify and diagnose primary oral diseases. This module also describes oral medicine, principles of diagnosing oral manifestations of systemic disease, and managing diseases of the oral mucosa and salivary gland.

Learning Objectives

The learners would gain the following from this unit. 

•      Principles of Breast Sonography

•      Breast anatomy

•      Sonographic anatomy

•      Breast Imaging Technique

•      Indications for breast investigations

•      Characterisation of breast masses

•      Benign mass, Malignant masses, metastasis, and breast inflammation

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:

·        Apply the principles of breast sonography

·        Perform basic breast sonographic techniques

·        Identify the sonographic anatomic image patterns of the breast.

·        Describe the normal and abnormal sonographic breast image patterns